Spatial Organization of Firms and Location Choices Through the Value Chain
利用美国人口普查局纵向企业数据库1993-2005年生物制药企业新设机构数据，研究企业内部和外部集聚效应对研发、制造、销售等价值链活动区位选择的影响，发现内部集聚有正向作用且其效应被以往研究高估。
We explore the impact of geographically bounded, intrafirm linkages (internal agglomerations) and geographically bounded, interfirm linkages (external agglomerations) on firms’ location strategies. Using data from the Census Bureau’s Longitudinal Business Database, we analyze the locations of new establishments of biopharmaceutical firms in the United States from 1993 to 2005. We consider all activities in the value chain and allow location choices to vary by research and development, manufacturing, and sales. Our findings suggest that internal agglomerations have a positive impact on location. The effects of internal agglomerations vary by activity, and they arise both within an activity (e.g., among plants) and across activities (e.g., between sales and manufacturing). Our results also suggest that previous estimates of the effect of external agglomerations may be overestimated because the existing literature abstracted from internal agglomerations. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.