Political Action Committee Contributions and U.S. Congressional Voting on Sugar Legislation
研究政治行动委员会（PAC）捐款与美国国会糖业立法投票之间的双向关系，发现投票与竞争性捐款存在三方联动，PAC捐款的有效性反映了政治压力对意识形态的支配。
Abstract This study examines the simultaneous relationship between Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions and congressional votes on U.S. sugar legislation. We extend the conventional analysis by specifying a three‐equation system in which each congressman's vote depends on contributions received from pro‐sugar and anti‐sugar coalitions, while the propensity of each of these coalitions to contribute depends simultaneously on the congressman's anticipated voting decision and the contributions of the opposing coalition. Logrolling is also accommodated by considering the effect that contributions from other coalitions have had on voting decisions. We find evidence of a three‐way linkage between votes and competing campaign contributions and conclude that the effectiveness of PAC contributions reflects the dominance of political pressure over ideological concerns.