Pricing in vitro fertilization procedures
研究了辅助生殖诊所引入体外受精退款保证的定价策略，分析其对夫妇选择和社会福利的影响，发现退款保证能按生育能力和风险偏好细分市场、提供数量折扣和风险分担。
This paper examines the economics of pricing practices at artificial reproductive clinics, which have introduced money-back guarantees (MBGs) for in vitro fertilization. We identify incentives for clinics to offer MBGs and evaluate the impact on couples' choices and on social welfare. Introducing MBGs allows a clinic to (i) segment couples simultaneously on their relative fertility and on risk preferences; (ii) offer quantity discounts to relatively infertile couples; and (iii) offer some risk-sharing to couples for this costly procedure, whose outcome is uncertain. Our results also show how the addition of MBGs can affect the overall social welfare.