Towards an Understanding of the Performance of Ambient Tax Mechanisms in the Field: Evidence from Upstate New York Dairy Farmers
通过对比学生和奶农在环境税实验中的行为，发现环境税能促进群体合规，但小规模农场污染更少、大规模农场污染更多，偏差与农民对污染影响的信念和邻居污染知识有关。
Abstract Using a design characterized by heterogeneous firms and stochastic ambient pollution, this study explores how results from ambient tax experiments with student subjects translate to a richer field context with dairy farmers in Upstate New York. Results suggest that the ambient tax induces group‐level compliance among students and farmers. However, relative to students, farmers operating “small” firms pollute less and farmers operating “large” firms tend to pollute more. Deviations from theory among farmers are tied to beliefs about the impacts of farming on water pollution, as well as knowledge of neighbors' pollution. This study highlights the importance of framed field experiments in the policy test‐bedding process.