Globalization and the Inequality of Nations
研究全球化如何影响制造业的地理分布和贸易收益，发现运输成本下降会导致核心-外围格局形成，外围国家实际收入下降，但进一步下降后收入趋同。
A monopolistically competitive manufacturing sector produces goods used for final consumption and as intermediates. Intermediate usage creates cost and demand linkages between firms and a tendency for manufacturing agglomeration. How does globalization affect the location of manufacturing and gains from trade? At high transport costs all countries have some manufacturing, but when transport costs fall below a critical value, a core-periphery spontaneously forms, and nations that find themselves in the periphery suffer a decline in real income. At still lower transport costs there is convergence of real incomes, in which peripheral nations gain and core nations may lose.