Rural‐urban disparity and sectoral labour allocation in China
研究了中国经济改革中城乡差距的V型变化，发现1978-1985年差距缩小后持续扩大，原因是农村改革提高了农民收入，但劳动力配置障碍和偏向城市的金融政策加剧了城乡分割。
This study examines China's rural-urban segmentation and its causes in the context of economic reforms. Household survey and aggregate data indicate a V-shaped process in which rural-urban consumption and income differentials decreased between 1978 and 1985, but then have continually increased to historically high levels. This sectoral division is consistent with production function estimates based on provincial data that reveal higher labour productivity in urban/state-owned industries than in rural industries and agriculture. To explain the V-shaped change, we argue that the precedent of successful rural reforms raised farmers' relative earnings, but the remaining obstacles to an efficient sectoral allocation of labour have prevented China from eliminating dualism. Recent financial policies consisting of urban price subsidies and increased investment credits have also had influential distribution effects that are biased against the rural sector.