PRIMARY EDUCATION AS AN INPUT INTO POST‐PRIMARY EDUCATION: A NEGLECTED BENEFIT
解释为何初等教育私人收益率下降不一定会降低需求，因为初等教育是中等教育的必要投入，在需求约束型初等和供给约束型中等教育体系中，中等教育前景会提升初等教育实际收益率。对科特迪瓦和乌干达的实证应用使初等教育收益率翻倍。
In some developing countries private rates of return to primary education have fallen to low levels. An explanation is provided as to why this fall need not reduce the demand for primary education. Primary schooling is a necessary input into post‐primary. In an educational system that is demand‐constrained at the primary and supply‐constrained at the post‐primary level, the ‘prospect’ of post‐primary schooling raises the primary return above the rate as conventionally measured. An application of the model to two countries — Côte d'Ivoire and Uganda — doubles the primary rate of return in each case.