Unskilled Migration: A Burden or a Boon for the Welfare State?
研究了低技能移民对福利国家的影响，发现动态模型中移民对本国各收入与年龄群体均有益，但该结论取决于经济能否进入国际资本市场。
As relatively low earners, migrants are net beneficiaries of the welfare state. Therefore, in a static setup, migration may be resisted by the entire native‐born population. However, it is shown that in a dynamic setup with a pension system, which is an important pillar of any welfare state, migration is beneficial to all income (high and low) and all age (old and young) groups, when the economy has good access to international capital markets. The pro‐migration feature of the dynamic model is weakened and possibly overturned when the economy does not have good access to such markets. In this case, to the extent that factor prices are significantly affected by migration because of low substitution between labour and capital, low‐skill native born and possibly also high‐skill native born may lose.