Preschool Television Viewing and Adolescent Test Scores: Historical Evidence from the Coleman Study
利用电视进入不同地方市场的时间差异，发现学龄前多看一年电视使青少年标准化考试成绩提高约0.02个标准差，对英语非母语、母亲教育程度低及非白人儿童效果更大。
We use heterogeneity in the timing of television’s introduction to different local markets to identify the effect of preschool television exposure on standardized test scores during adolescence. Our preferred point estimate indicates that an additional year of preschool television exposure raises average adolescent test scores by about 0.02 standard deviations. We are able to reject negative effects larger than about 0.03 standard deviations per year of television exposure. For reading and general knowledge scores, the positive effects we find are marginally statistically significant, and these effects are largest for children from households where English is not the primary language, for children whose mothers have less than a high school education, and for nonwhite children. I.