Sometimes a good excuse is just not enough
研究显示种族差异影响借口给予和接受的效果，发现白人经理不公正对待黑人下属时，旁观者感知到的不公正感最强。
The article presents research findings which shows that race differences may impact the dynamics of both excuse-giving and excuse-receiving. Professors Martin N. Davidson and Raymond A. Friedman, studied the effects of race on the persistent injustice effect, or why some, but not all, observers of unjust acts continue to feel a sense of injustice despite receiving an excuse or explanation for the act. They performed four studies that examined the differences between black and white managers' reactions to a hypothetical incident in which a manager appears to treat his subordinate in an unjust manner. They found that a white manager treating a black subordinate unjustly evoked the highest perception of percieved injustice.