Strategies in Rater Training,
指出改变评分者评分分布的训练缺乏证据支持其提升准确性或有效性，并呼吁培训应侧重日记记录、建立共同参照框架和掌握式训练。
There is no evidence to support the belief that training raters to change rating distributions will increase accuracy or validity. Such training may merely promote a temporary and situation-specific response set. We call for a new emphasis in rater training programs on: (1) diary-keeping procedures to increase observational skills; (2) the establishment of a common rater frame of reference to enhance agreement on what constitutes effective job performance; and (3) mastery-based training to increase rater self-efficacy regarding negative appraisal situations.