Leveraging Knowledge Across Geographic Boundaries
研究了生物技术产业中集群和国家内部及跨边界的知识流动，发现地理邻近性有时不重要，有时有非线性效应，挑战了传统假设。
This paper examines knowledge flows within and across geographic boundaries of clusters and nations in the biotechnology industry. We hypothesize that these flows are characterized by various factors relating to the knowledge itself and by firm innovativeness and the presence of prior knowledge flows at the firm level. Surprisingly, our findings suggest that geographic proximity does not matter in some instances, while in others it has a decidedly nonlinear effect opposite to that hypothesized. The pattern of findings points to the greatest contrast in the comparison of between-cluster and between-country flows and presents an opportunity to reevaluate the role of geography and knowledge flows.