Milk by Any Other Name … Consumer Benefits from Labeled Milk
利用美国超市扫描数据，通过估计不同牛奶类型的需求系统模型，分解消费者从无rBST和有机标签牛奶中获得的竞争效应和品种效应收益，发现有机牛奶带来显著收益。
Abstract This article uses revealed preferences of consumers to study the consumer benefits from rBST‐free and organic labeled milk. The article specifies and estimates a quadratic AIDS demand system model for different milk types using U.S. supermarket scanner data. The introduction of rBST‐free and organic milk is used to estimate consumer benefits that are decomposed into two components, competitive and variety effects. Results show significant consumer benefits from organic milk and to a lesser extent from rBST‐free milk. Based on the findings, we explore implications for present U.S. labeling standards.