The resilience of `institutionalized capitalism': Managing managers under `shareholder capitalism' and `managerial capitalism'
识别了以美国为代表的股东资本主义和以日本为代表的管理资本主义两种治理形式，分析了全球化压力下两种体系的调整及其对经理人的影响。
This article identifies two, nation-wide, forms of governance or organizing capital,`shareholder' capitalism and `managerial' capitalism, epitomized by the USA and Japan respectively. Furthermore, it identifies the implications for managers in these systems. The article argues that both varieties of capitalism have been forced to modify, due to pressures from globalization. Shareholder capitalism in the USA has been intensified with an even greater emphasis on `shareholder value'. In Japan, meanwhile, poor national economic performance has led to pressures upon managerial capitalism to take on features more akin to the shareholder variety. Such pressures have been transmitted to managers with a more intensified work regime. However, many of the HRM features of the Japanese model remain, despite these pressures.