Origins of Labor Policy in the Russian Coal and Steel Industry, 1874–1900
研究了1874-1900年南俄煤炭钢铁区劳工政策的形成，指出政策由外资企业俄籍经理制定，受劳动力短缺、政企关系紧张及外资代言人身份影响，形成福利资本主义模式，但高福利未带来劳资和平。
In the southern Russian coal and steel region between 1874 and 1900, labor policy was outlined by the Russian managers of predominantly foreign firms through the Association of Southern Coal and Steel Producers. This policy was shaped by chronic labor shortage, by the strained relations between industry and local government, and by managers' sensitivity to their position as spokesmen for foreign interests. The posture southern managers developed was that of welfare capitalism. Considerable expenditure on wages and welfare, however, did not establish labor peace.