The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Real Progress or Misspecified Models?
使用美国州级面板数据，比较参数和非参数模型在估计氮氧化物和二氧化硫排放与收入关系时的表现，发现参数模型被显著拒绝，且差异具有经济意义。
We explore the importance of modeling strategies when estimating the emissions-income relationship. Using U.S. state-level panel data on nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, we estimate several environmental Kuznets curves using the standard parametric framework as well as a more flexible semiparametric alternative. Formal statistical comparisons of the results overwhelmingly reject the parametric approach. Moreover, the differences, particularly for sulfur dioxide, are economically significant.