Measuring Vote-Selling: Field Evidence from the Philippines
基于菲律宾反买票实地实验数据，提出并验证了用投票转换作为卖票行为的代理指标，发现选民偏好和候选人金钱贿赂会影响卖票行为。
Using data from an anti-vote-buying field experiment we conducted in the Philippines, we report and validate a proxy measure for vote-selling. We demonstrate that our proxy measure, vote-switching, changes as expected with voter preferences and monetary offers from candidates. Voters are less likely to vote for someone different than their initial preference the larger the favorability rating difference between the preferred and alternative candidates. Similarly, vote-switching increases the more money the alternative candidate offers compared to the preferred candidates. We also describe the effects of the promise-based interventions on vote-switching, reported in full in a companion paper.