AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE BIASING EFFECTS OF FRAMING ON BUSINESS DECISIONS*
通过三项实验检验框架效应在商业决策中是否同样导致偏差，发现学生和资深管理者均受框架影响，但专业训练可减轻偏差。
ABSTRACT This paper presents results of three studies testing whether decision bias due to framing, found in consumer purchase contexts, also would occur in a business setting. In the first study, business‐student subjects displayed framing‐induced decision bias just as subjects had in an earlier study by Tversky and Kahneman [12]. When the consumer problem was recast into a business decision in the second study, student subjects trained to handle the problem still revealed bias, although to a lesser extent. In the third study, experienced business managers revealed the same pattern of decision bias as the student subjects. Implications of this bias for business decision makers are discussed.