Environmental Change and Management Staffing: An Empirical Study
研究了美国铁路行业放松管制后，企业管理人员背景特征（如任职年限、教育水平、职能背景）的变化，发现新环境下管理者更年轻、教育水平更高、职能背景更多元。
In 1980, the U.S. railroad industry underwent massive deregulation that has significantly altered the environment in which managers must operate. This article discusses the relationship between environmental change and executive staffing as an adaptive organizational response. It is hypothesized that background characteristics of managers (such as tenure, level of education, etc.) employed by railroads during the regulated era will significantly differ from those employed following deregulation. Results generally support expectations. Relative to the regulated environment, managers in the deregulated era have fewer years of industry and company service, are better educated, and have differentfunctional backgrounds.