Has NAFTA Increased Labor Market Integration Between the United States and Mexico?
从工资对冲击的反应、相对工资调整速度和绝对工资趋同三个标准，检验北美自由贸易协定前后美墨劳动力市场一体化程度，发现贸易和外商直接投资促进了一体化，但边境执法加强压低了墨西哥工资，掩盖了正面效应。
This article analyzes three criteria for labor market integration between Mexico and the United States before and since the North American Free Trade Agreement: the responsiveness of Mexican wages to US wage shocks, the speed at which relative wages return to a long-run differential, and changes in the rate of convergence of absolute wages. Tests for increased integration using these three criteria generate mixed results, which are then explored by directly incorporating trade, foreign direct investment (fdi), and migration. The results suggest that trade and fdi did in fact positively contribute to integration but that the increase in border enforcement depressed Mexican wages, masking the positive benefits.