The Dutch IOR Approach to Organizational Design: An Alternative to Business Process Re-engineering?
介绍了荷兰社会技术设计方法在组织整体更新中的应用，回顾其设计理论和干预过程，并与美国、斯堪的纳维亚和澳大利亚的方法比较，发现它们在元层面共享参与式民主理想，但在概念层面不相容。
This paper presents the current Dutch sociotechnical design approach to integral organizational renewal in a contextual way. Both its design theory and intervention processes are reviewed and some aggregated empirical evidence is presented. Next, the paper compares the ideas developed in the Dutch approach to those presented in its American, Scandinavian, and Australian counterparts. It is concluded that, at a meta-level, they all share the ideal of participative democracy, while at the conceptual level, these distinctive approaches appear quite incompatible. Notwithstanding substantial diversity, it is presumed these approaches can be seen as local manifestations of a single sociotechnical paradigm.