Is the Japanese Extended Family Altruistically Linked? A Test Based on Engel Curves
利用日本两代同堂家庭的截面数据估计恩格尔曲线，检验利他主义的中性含义，发现资源分配显著影响食品支出模式，老年人偏好的食品类别随其收入份额增加而增加。
Altruism has the well-known neutrality implication that the family's demand for commodities is invariant to the division of resources within the family. The author tests this by estimating Engel curves on a cross section of Japanese extended families forming two-generation households. He finds that the pattern of food expenditure is significantly affected by the division of resources. The food components whose budget share increases with the older generation's share of household income are precisely those favored by the old, such as cereal, seafood, and vegetables. Copyright 1995 by University of Chicago Press.