Quasiexperimental Research in Organizations: A Critique and Proposed Typology
评述了传统实验在真实组织中的局限性，提出准实验设计的两种类型（建设性与适应性），并给出基于研究目的的分类选择方法，对组织研究者选择合适的研究设计有参考价值。
The experiment has been the hallmark of empirical science. In recent years, the impracticality and sometimes impossibility of conducting ex-periments in real organizations has led to the increased use of quasiex-perimental research designs. This paper begins with a review of the ad-vantages and disadvantages of traditional experiments. Two major categories of quasiexperimental designs are then presented. Constructive techniques are evolutionary and make improvements on the basis of prior experience. Accommodative techniques adjust to the demands of the research situation. The paper is concluded with a method of classifying and selecting quasiexperimental designs on the basis of the purpose of the research.