Changing the Cost of Children and Fertility: Evidence from the Israeli Kibbutz
研究了以色列集体社区（基布兹）将育儿成本从均摊改为私有化后，年轻夫妇的生育率下降0.65个孩子，并发现高收入或低生育率的夫妇更可能离开基布兹。
Prior to 1996, Israelis in collective communities (kibbutzim) shared the costs of raising children equally. This article examines the impact of privatising costs of children on the fertility behaviour of young couples. Exploiting variation in parental cost‐sharing across kibbutzim, we estimate that lifetime fertility declined by 0.65 children. We also examine the exit decisions of members, and find that couples were most likely to leave the kibbutz if they were either higher income or lower fertility. This pattern is also observed among Israeli emigrants, in which higher educated and lower fertility couples are more likely to leave Israel.