Corrupt Organizations or Organizations of Corrupt Individuals? Two Types of Organization-Level Corruption
从腐败受益方和行为主体两个维度，区分了“组织腐败”与“腐败个体的组织”两种类型，并提出相关命题，适合研究组织腐败的学者参考。
We focus on two fundamental dimensions of corruption in organizations: (1) whether the individual or the organization is the beneficiary of the corrupt activity and (2) whether the corrupt behavior is undertaken by an individual actor or by two or more actors. We use these dimensions to define a new conceptualization of corruption at the organization level: the organization of corrupt individuals. We contrast this conceptualization with the prevailing concept of organizational corruption and develop propositions that highlight their differences.