The importance of clusters for spillovers from foreign direct investment and technology sourcing
研究了集群发展与外商直接投资的关系，发现只有已有集群才能产生显著的生产率溢出，且外资企业也能从国内企业投资中获取溢出，表明集群是跨国公司技术寻求活动的重要地点。
This paper examines the link between cluster development and inward foreign direct investment. The conventional policy approach has been to assume that inward foreign direct investment (FDI) can stimulate significant clustering activity, thus generating significant spillovers. This paper, however, questions this and shows that, while clusters can generate significant productivity spillovers from FDI, this only occurs in pre-existing clusters. Further, the paper demonstrates that foreign-owned firms that enter clusters also appropriate spillovers when domestic firms undertake investment, raising the possibility that clusters are important locations for so called technology, or knowledge sourcing activities by MNEs.