Was Postwar Suburbanization “White Flight”? Evidence from the Black Migration
研究美国战后黑人从南方农村迁往北方城市如何引发白人离开城市迁往郊区，发现每增加1名黑人居民导致约2.7名白人离开。
Residential segregation by jurisdiction generates disparities in public services and education. The distinctive American pattern-in which blacks live in cities and whites in suburbs-was enhanced by a large black migration from the rural South. I show that whites responded to this black influx by leaving cities and rule out an indirect effect on housing prices as a sole cause. I instrument for changes in black population by using local economic conditions to predict black migration from southern states and assigning predicted flows to northern cities according to established settlement patterns. The best causal estimates imply that each black arrival led to 2.7 white departures. (c) 2010 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology..