Mechanization and Work in the American Shoe Industry: Lynn, Massachusetts, 1852–1883
研究了1852至1883年间美国制鞋业因引入机械和工厂制度而导致的工作性质与组织变化，从手工工场转向分工细化的工厂监督。
Between 1852 and 1883 the nature and organization of work in the American shoe industry changed due to the introduction of machinery and the factory system. For generations before 1852 shoes had been made by hand in small workshops organized through a putting out system. Each artisan possessed the skill and tools to make an entire shoe by hand, and work was intertwined with family life. With the introduction of machinery, making a shoe was divided into many distinct tasks, each performed by a different worker, and work was moved into a factory where it came under closer supervision.