Queues and Hierarchies
研究当工人能完成的任务范围不同时，层级结构的最优设计。层级系统让非熟练工处理多数任务以降低成本，但复杂任务需经多层传递，增加延迟。论文刻画了这种权衡下的最优层级。
This paper examines the optimal structure of hierarchies when workers differ in the range of tasks they can perform. A hierarchical system may reduce costs by allowing most tasks to be handled by unskilled workers. This may however increase delay for those tasks which must pass through several layers before reaching the appropriate level. The paper characterises an optimal hierarchy when such a trade-off exists.