Start-ups as drivers of market mobility: an analysis at the region–sector level for The Netherlands
研究了初创企业进入对在位企业间竞争（以市场流动性衡量）的影响，发现工业部门中初创企业显著提升市场流动性，而服务部门中影响不显著。
Although recent literature suggests that competition among incumbent firms is caused by the entry of new firms, this relationship has not yet been tested directly. In this study a regression model is established in which a direct measure of competition among incumbent firms, the market mobility rate, is explained by start-up rates and control variables. The results show that the effect of start-ups on market mobility varies by sector. There is a strong positive relationship for industry sectors but an insignificant relationship for service sectors. These results suggest differences in the types of entry between sectors and in the roles start-ups play in different sectors.