Individual Perceptions of Organizational Cultures: A Methodological Treatise on Levels of Analysis
重新分析丹麦和荷兰20个组织单元的文化调查数据，发现个体层面的价值观和实践感知维度与组织层面完全不同，强调选择正确分析层次的重要性。
Data from a survey study of organizational cultures in 20 organizational units in Denmark and the Netherlands were re-analyzed at the individual level, after elimination of between-unit variance. A factor analysis showed individuals' values to be composed of six dimensions, and individuals' perceptions of their organiza tion's practices of another six dimensions, entirely different from the dimensions found earlier to apply at the organizational level. The scores on these new dimen sions are related to various demographic characteristics of the respondents. This case is used for a methodological treatise stressing the need to choose the proper level of analysis for the problem at hand, a need which is too seldom recognized.