The welfare cost of means‐testing: pensioner participation in income support
估计英国养老金领取者福利申领的二元选择模型，通过显示偏好推断申领过程污名或复杂性的现金等价成本，发现每周约3-4英镑，且考虑该成本后贫困度量最多增加13%。
Abstract We estimate parametric and semi‐parametric binary choice models of benefit take‐up by British pensioners and use a revealed preference argument to infer the cash‐equivalent value of disutility arising from stigma or complexity of the claims process. These implicit costs turn out to be relatively small, averaging about £3–4 per week across Income Support recipients. Using the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke measure of poverty among pensioners, we find that allowing for implicit claim costs incurred by benefit recipients raises the measured degree of poverty by not more than 13%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.