Policies for Green Design
用一个简单的一般均衡模型分析了几种绿色设计政策，包括处置费、回收设计补贴、家庭垃圾按量收费、押金返还制度和制造商回收要求，发现让家庭支付处置的社会成本能有效引导生产者减少包装并提高产品可回收性。
A simple general equilibrium model is used to analyze disposal-content fees, subsidies for recyclable designs, unit-pricing of household disposal, deposit-refund systems, and manufacturer “take-back” requirements. Firms use primary and recycled inputs to produce output that has two “attributes”: packaging per unit output, and recyclability. If households pay the social cost of disposal, then they send the right signals to producers to reduce packaging and to design products that can more easily be recycled. If garbage is collected for free, then socially optimum attributes can still be achieved by a tax on producers' use of packaging and subsidy to recyclable designs.