Why do Managers Do What They Do? Reconciling Evidence and Theory in Accounts of Managerial Work
指出对管理工作常见特征缺乏因果解释，尝试将特征与管理责任的模糊性及管理者在社会系统中调用和再生产资源、认知与道德规则联系起来。
This article seeks to show that there has been surprisingly little interest in developing a causal explanation of the consistently documented common characteristics of managerial work and attempts to sketch out such an explanation. It is argued that researchers in the field have either contented themselves with description and correlation or have given priority to explaining variations, whilst theories of management have tended to suggest that managerial behaviour can be inferred, unproblematically, from the character of the broader management process rather than engaging with the evidence on these behaviours. Even recent and explicit attempts to conceptualize managerial work have not satisfactorily woven theory with evidence. The outline of an explanatory account which is offered attempts to link the common characteristics of managerial work to the ambiguous and problematic nature of managerial ‘responsibility’ and the way in which all managers both draw upon and, by their actions, reproduce resources, cognitive rules and moral rules, from within the social systems in which they are located, which define and facilitate that responsibility. Well‐documented generic managerial activities, substantive areas of work and characteristic features of managerial work are all shown to be accountable in these terms.