Power Equalization, Participative Decision-Making, and Individual Differences
研究下属对参与决策的感知与权力均等化的关系，发现低层级员工视权力为零和博弈，且下属的参与意愿和能力（教育水平）调节这一关系。
This study examines the hypotheses that (a) subordinates' perceptions of participation in decision-making (PDM) is positively related to their perceived and desired power equalization (PE), in terms of hierarchical power differentials (HPD) between subordinates and superiors; (b) low-level participants' perceptions of the distribution of power within the organizational hierarchy reflect a zero-sum notion of power; and (c) subordinates' desire for participation and ability (in terms of education) moderate the relationship between PE and PDM. A sample of three hierarchical groups was selected from 40 stores of a large, retail drug company in the midwest: 40 store managers, 59 assistant managers, and 153 nonmanagerial employees. The results provide support for all three hypotheses. Implications of the findings for the exercise of power and effective management styles are discussed.