Asymmetry, Partial Moments, and Production Risk
提出部分矩函数来刻画和估计投入对产出分布的非对称影响，通过厄瓜多尔土豆生产数据发现化肥增加风险而杀菌剂和劳动降低风险，与基于全矩的期望效用模型结论相反。
Partial‐moment functions are proposed as a flexible way to characterize and estimate asymmetric effects of inputs on output distributions. Methods for econometric estimation of partial‐moment functions, and tests for input symmetry and location‐scale distributions, are presented. A Monte Carlo study demonstrates properties of proposed tests. A study of Ecuadorian potato production illustrates the methods. Hypotheses of input symmetry and location scale are rejected. A risk‐value model based on partial moments implies that fertilizer is risk increasing and fungicides and labor are risk reducing in potato production, whereas an expected utility model based on full moments has the opposite implications.