Lobbying, Counterlobbying, and the Structure of Tariff Protection in Poor and Rich Countries
用政治经济学模型内生决定保护模式，发现名义保护率随加工程度递增、穷国保护水平更高、富国相对更保护农业而穷国相反，模拟结果与观察一致。
A political economy model of protection is used to determine endogenously the intersectoral patterns of protection. Three propositions are derived that are consistent with the stylized patterns of tariff protection in rich and poor countries: Nominal protection rates escalate with the degree of processing, protection is higher on average in poor countries, and rich countries protect agriculture relatively more than they protect manufacturing, whereas poor countries do the reverse. Numerical simulations for archetypal rich and poor economies confirm that the endogenously determined structure of protection is broadly consistent with observed patterns of protection.