The Effects of Supply Contracts on the Output and Price of an Exhaustible Resource
分析可耗竭资源合同的影响，发现现货市场风险增加会降低产量、提高现货价格，合同长度缩短，且合同可能带来双边收益但损害他人，价格信号变得模糊。
This paper analyzes the effects of contracts for exhaustible resources. The conclusions are as follows: (1) for a single mine, with increased risk production for the spot market falls, long-term contracting increases, total output falls, contract length generally decreases, equilibrium spot prices increase, and contract prices may rise or fall; (2) with changing economies because of past production, output (spot prices) rises (fall) and then falls (rise), and this scalloped pattern remains with entry and storage included; and (3) contracting permits pairwise gains, may create losses for others, and prices are "fuzzy" signals as they may change for several different reasons.