Early Tracking and the Misfortune of Being Young
研究奥地利学生在10岁和14岁两次分流中，年级内相对年龄对分流选择的影响，发现年龄效应在5-8年级显著，且对弱势背景和城市学生影响更持久。
Abstract Recent research suggests that the relative age of a student within a grade has a causal effect on educational achievement, and that this effect fades with the duration of schooling. In this study, we estimate the causal relative‐age effect on track choice in Austria, a country where students are first tracked in grade 5 (at the age of 10 years), and again in grade 9. We find a strong positive relative‐age effect on track choice in grades 5–8. The age effect persists beyond grade 8 for students from less‐favorable socioeconomic backgrounds and students in urban areas.