The Downfall of Extraverts and Rise of Neurotics: The Dynamic Process of Status Allocation in Task Groups
研究发现，在任务小组中，外向者因贡献未达预期而地位下降，神经质者因贡献超预期而地位上升，挑战了传统上外向者高地位、神经质者低地位的观念。
We advance previous research that has associated extraversion with high status and neuroticism with low status in newly formed task groups by examining how variations in personality affect status changes over time. By building on research that emphasizes the dark sides of extraversion and the bright sides of neuroticism, we challenge the persistence of extraverts' advantage and neurotics' disadvantage in task group status hierarchies. In a field and an experimental study, we find that extraversion is associated with status losses and disappointing expectations for contributions to group tasks and neuroticism is associated with status gains due to surpassing expectations for group-task contributions. Whereas personality may inform status expectations through perceptions of competence when groups first form, as group members work together interdependently over time, actual contributions to the group's task are an important basis for reallocating status.