Theories of Aggression: A Critique and Possible Reformulation
讨论了从神经学、动物行为学、实验社会心理学到历史分析的多种攻击行为模型，提出了个体层面与系统层面两种分析水平，以及自发/计划两种攻击特征，并考察了从动机模型向认知信息加工模型的转变。
Several models of aggression and aggressive behavior are discussed, ranging from neurological, ethological, experimental social-psychological, and historical analyses. Distinctions are suggested between two different levels of analysis for examining aggressive behavior-individual-level aggression and systemic-level aggression-and between two primary characteristics of aggression (spontaneous/planned). The limitations of using one level of analysis for examining behavior occurring at a different level are suggested. This proposed conceptual scheme incorporates in a two-dimensional framework approaches as varied as E. 0. Wilson's Sociobiology and J. T. Tedeschi's reinterpretation of research on aggression. The shift from motivational models to more cognitive information-processing models in the social-psychological literature is examined.