Efficient Supply Contracts for Fashion Goods with Forecast Updating and Two Production Modes
研究时尚商品制造商与分销商在两种生产模式（低成本长提前期与高成本短提前期）下，如何设计供应合同（批发价与退货价）来协调预测信息和生产决策，实现渠道最优。
We examine the problem of developing supply contracts that encourage proper coordination of forecast information and production decisions between a manufacturer and distributor of high fashion, seasonal products operating in a two-mode production environment. The first production mode is relatively cheap but requires a long lead time while the second is expensive but offers quick turnaround. We focus on contracts of the form (w 1 , w 2 , b) where w i is the wholesale price offered for production mode i and b is a return price offered for items left over at the end of the season. We find that such a contract can coordinate the manufacturer and distributor to act in the best interest of the channel. The pricing conditions needed to ensure an efficient solution vary depending on the degree of demand forecast improvement between periods and the manufacturer's access to forecast information. We also examine whether these conditions ensure a Pareto optimal solution with respect to two traditional production settings.