Does Social Exchange Increase Voluntary Cooperation?
实验检验社会交换（如获得社会认可）能否在存在搭便车激励时提高合作率，结果发现陌生人之间社会交换机会并不增加合作。
There is a lot of empirical and experimental evidence that people give considerable amounts to charities and contribute to public goods. In many cases, fellow citizens get to know the contributions of the donators. This suggests that cooperative behavior is--at least partly--driven by desire to gain social approval. In this paper, an experimental design is developed that allows to test the hypothesis that social exchanges between voluntary cooperation and social approval enhance cooperative behavior in the presence of free-riding incentives. The authors' results indicate that, among strangers, the opportunity for social exchanges does not increase cooperation rates. Copyright 1996 by WWZ and Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG