Econometric analysis of noncompliance with organic farming standards in Switzerland
运用犯罪经济学理论，利用瑞士Bio Suisse认证的有机农场2007-2009年数据，通过随机效应Logit模型分析农场特征对违规概率的影响，发现加工活动和牲畜多样性显著增加违规风险，为风险导向的检查提供建议。
Applying the economics of crime theory, we model the decision of an opportunistic and/or careless organic farmer and derive hypotheses to explain noncompliance. Where empirical data are available, hypotheses are tested. We use data for the years 2007 through 2009 of organic farms certified by Bio Suisse. Imposed sanctions are used as a proxy variable for noncompliance and farm characteristics as explanatory variables. Random effects logit models show that processing activities and livestock diversity significantly increase a farm's sanction probability. Past noncompliances also indicate a higher present sanction probability. Finally, we discuss some methodological issues and suggest a way to organize risk-based inspections more effectively.