The Impact of Outsourcing and High-Technology Capital on Wages: Estimates For the United States, 1979-1990
估计了贸易（以外包衡量）和技术（以计算机等高科技资本支出衡量）对美国非生产工人相对工资上升的影响，发现计算机解释了约35%，外包解释了15%。
We estimate the relative influence of trade versus technology on wages in a “large-country” setting, where technological change affects product prices. Trade is measured by the foreign outsourcing of intermediate inputs, while technological change is measured by expenditures on high-technology capital such as computers. The estimation procedure we develop, which modifies the conventional “price regression,” is able to distinguish whether product price changes are due to factor-biased versus sector-biased technology shifts. In our base specification we find that computers explain about 35 percent of the increase in the relative wage of nonproduction workers, while outsourcing explains 15 percent; both of these effects are higher in other specifications.