Reinforcing the Micro/Macro Bridge: Organizational Thinking and Pluralistic Vehicles
回顾过去30年组织研究中微观与宏观桥梁的发展，包括多层次思维的主流化，并提出三种深化整合的方法：替代表征、系统综述和计算机模拟。
Organizational research is less divided along micro and macro lines than is often assumed. This article addresses the developments made in bridging micro and macro organizational research over the past 30 years, in particular, the mainstreaming of multilevel organizational thinking as standard practice. Related developments include the multilevel heuristics commonly used in the field’s research designs as well as its theory and research regarding self-organizing multilevel processes and cross-level interventions. Advocating integrative pluralism, this article then recommends three approaches to expanding and deepening micro/macro integration, including active use of alternative representations in research, systematic reviews that integrate findings across levels, and computer simulations modeling cross-level complexity.