Labor Standards: Where Do They Belong on the International Trade Agenda?
分析了劳工标准辩论中支持与反对WTO制裁的论点，探讨了普遍规则的分析基础、发展中国家劳工保护与发达国家工资的关联，以及劳工标准在WTO谈判中的作用。
During the past decade, universal labor standards have become the focus of intense debate. Advocates argue from humanitarian concerns and the interests of industrialized-country labor, seeking enforcement with WTO sanctions. Opponents regard labor regulation as a matter of national sovereignty, challenge the effectiveness of trade sanctions, and prefer the ILO emphasis on dialogue, monitoring and technical advice. This paper analyzes the labor standards debate, with specific attention to the analytical underpinnings of universal rules; evidence linking weak labor protections in developing countries to industrialized country wages; and the role of labor standards in WTO negotiations.