The Determinants of Funding to Ugandan Nongovernmental Organizations
利用乌干达原始数据，研究发现国际捐助者拨款主要依赖网络效应，而本地资源筹集与组织年轻及管理者兼职相关；虽有挤出效应迹象，但控制组织固定效应后，拨款并未减少本地收入。
Original Ugandan data collected by the authors are used to examine the determinants of funding to local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Success in attracting grants from international donors depends mostly on network effects. NGOs that raise in-kind resources locally tend to be young and managed by someone who is simultaneously employed elsewhere. There is some evidence of crowding out: NGOs that receive grant funding are less likely to obtain resources locally, whether in cash or in kind. But this seems to be primarily the result of selection. Once NGO-fixed effects are controlled for, there is no evidence that NGOs receive less revenue from fees and donation after obtaining a grant. These results suggest that donors regard Ugandan NGOs as subcontractors of their development efforts, not as charitable organizations in their own right.