The Measurement of Team Mental Models: We Have No Shared Schema
为推进团队心理模型的实证研究，先强调选择测量工具前必须做的概念工作，再界定群体层面认知的测量标准，最后评估并比较了四种测量技术（Pathfinder、多维尺度分析、交互式认知地图和文本认知地图）在处理内容、结构及心理测量属性上的优劣。
This article seeks to promote the advancement of empirical research on team mental models by (a) highlighting the conceptual work that must precede the selection of any measurement tool, (b) delineating measurement standards for group-level cognitions, and (c) evaluating a set of techniques for measuring team mental models. Pathfinder, multidimensional scaling, interactively elicited cognitive mapping, and text-based cognitive mapping are critiqued and compared according to their treatment of content and structure, as well as their psychometric properties. We conclude that these four techniques hold promise for measuring team mental models and illustrate the variability in measurement options. However, careful attention to the research question and research context must precede the selection of any measurement tool.