Contingent Valuation and Collective Choice
比较条件价值评估调查与集体决策结果，发现瑞士苏黎世州景观保护公投中基于投票的支付意愿远低于调查中的假设支付意愿，表明假设情境会夸大价值。
SUMMARY Contingent valuation (CV) is a widely used but controversial survey‐based technique for estimating the nonmarket benefits of environmental goods and services. This study is the first to compare the outcome of a self‐contained CV survey with the outcome of a collective decision, by contrasting hypothetical willingness to pay with willingness to pay inferred from aggregate voting returns and tax liability distributions. The empirical dataset is from a CV survey and a referendum on a proposition to increase financing for landscape and heritage protection in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Voting‐based willingness to pay was only a small fraction of stated willingness to pay, indicating an inflation in values due to the hypothetical context.